Peer Score Indices 2025

Here you can find the overview of indices that Prewave uses to assess the country risks.

Perspective	Event Type	Source Description	Source
	Adequate Housing	The Adequate Housing Index provides the first micro-founded, comparative assessment of housing conditions.	Adequate Housing Index
	Basel Convention	UNEP BASEL CONVENTION - The overarching objective of the Basel Convention is to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects of hazardous wastes. We gave penalty to the countries which are not on the list.	UNEP BASEL CONVENTION
	Biodiversity	WWF - This file displays average basin risk scores of countries and territories as well as administrative divisions level 1 (sub-national divisions), and their respective rankings. [10. Biodiversity Importance]	Biodiversity
LkSG 2025	Child Exploitation	Save the Children - End of Childhood Index scores for countries are calculated on a scale of 1 to 1,000. Countries with higher scores do a better job of protecting childhoods. The scores measure the extent to which children in each country experience “childhood enders” such as death, chronic malnutrition, being out of school and being forced into adult roles of work, marriage and motherhood.	Child Exploitation
LkSG 2025	Child Labor	UNICEF - The Children’s Rights and Business Atlas helps businesses and industries assess potential and actual impacts on the lives of children and guides the integration of children’s rights into due diligence practices and procedures. UN - This dataset is part of the Global SDG Indicator Database compiled through the UN System in preparation for the Secretary-General's annual report on Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.	Child Labor
	Civil Liberties	FREEDOM HOUSE - The Freedom in the World report is composed of numerical ratings and supporting descriptive texts for 195 countries and 15 territories. External analysts assess 210 countries and territories, using a combination of on-the-ground research, consultations with local contacts, and information from news articles, nongovernmental organizations, governments, and a variety of other sources.	Civil Liberties
	Climate Change Mitigation	The 2022 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) ranks 180 countries on 40 performance indicators in the following 11 issue categories: air quality, sanitation and drinking water, heavy metals, waste management, biodiversity and habitat, ecosystem services, fisheries, acid rain, agriculture, water resources, and climate change mitigation. These categories track performance and progress on three broad policy objectives, environmental health, ecosystem vitality, and climate change. The EPI's proximity-to-target methodology facilitates cross-country comparisons among economic and regional peer groups. The data set includes the 2022 EPI, component scores, and time-series source data. It is the result of a collaboration of the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy (YCELP), Yale University, and the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).	Climate Change Mitigation
	Corruption	CPI - The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is the most widely used global corruption ranking in the world. It measures how corrupt each country’s public sector is perceived to be, according to experts and businesspeople. A country’s score is the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0-100, where 0 means highly corrupt and 100 means very clean.	Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)
	Customs Issue	The Index of Economic Freedom focuses on four key aspects of the economic and entrepreneurial environment that governments typically control (Rule of law, Government size, Regulatory efficiency and Market openness). In assessing conditions in these four categories, the Index measures 12 specific components of economic freedom, each of which is graded on a scale from 0 to 100. We use the field Trade Freedom.	Index of Economic Freedom
	Cyber Risk	The Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) is a comprehensive initiative by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) to measure the commitment of countries to cybersecurity. The GCI aims to foster a global culture of cybersecurity, encourage countries to improve their cybersecurity measures, and facilitate the sharing of best practices. It is structured around five pillars: legal measures, technical measures, organizational measures, capacity development measures, and cooperative measures.	Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI)
LkSG 2025	Deforestation	UN FRA - FRA 2020 examines the status of, and trends in, more than 60 forest-related variables in 236 countries and territories in the period 1990–2020.The information provided by FRA presents a comprehensive view of the world’s forests and the ways in which the resource is changing. Such a clear global picture supports the development of sound policies, practices and investments affecting forests and forestry. FAO defines deforestation as the conversion of forest to other land uses (regardless of whether it is human-induced). The values got normalized by the areas of the countries. [variable Deforestation - 1000 ha/year]	Deforestation
	Discrimination	WEF - The Global Gender Gap Index was first introduced by the World Economic Forum in 2006 to benchmark progress towards gender parity and compare countries’ gender gaps across four dimensions: economic opportunities, education, health and political leadership.	WEF
	Earthquake	INFORM - The INFORM Risk Index identifies the countries at a high risk of humanitarian crisis that are more likely to require international assistance. The INFORM Risk Index model is based on risk concepts published in scientific literature and envisages three dimensions of risk: Hazards & Exposure, Vulnerability and Lack of Coping Capacity. The INFORM Risk Index model is split into different levels to provide a quick overview of the underlying factors leading to humanitarian risk.	INFORM Risk Index
LkSG 2025	Environmental Issue	The Environmental Health policy objective measures how well countries are protecting their populations from environmental health risks. It comprises 25% of the total EPI score and is made up of four issue categories: Air Quality, Sanitation & Drinking Water, Heavy Metals, and Waste Management.	Environmental Performance Index
LkSG 2025	Fatality	Global-, regional- and country-level estimates of the work-related burden of diseases and accidents in 2019	Fatality
	Flood	INFORM - The INFORM Risk Index identifies the countries at a high risk of humanitarian crisis that are more likely to require international assistance. The INFORM Risk Index model is based on risk concepts published in scientific literature and envisages three dimensions of risk: Hazards & Exposure, Vulnerability and Lack of Coping Capacity. The INFORM Risk Index model is split into different levels to provide a quick overview of the underlying factors leading to humanitarian risk.	NFORM Risk Index
	Freedom	FREEDOM HOUSE - The Freedom in the World report is composed of numerical ratings and supporting descriptive texts for 195 countries and 15 territories. External analysts assess 210 countries and territories, using a combination of on-the-ground research, consultations with local contacts, and information from news articles, nongovernmental organizations, governments, and a variety of other sources.	Freedom in the World report
	Freedom Of Religion	IDEA - The Global State of Democracy is a biennial report that aims to provide policymakers with an evidence-based analysis of the state of global democracy, supported by the GSoD Indices, in order to inform policy interventions and identify problem-solving approaches to trends affecting the quality of democracy around the world.	Freedom Of Religion
LkSG 2025	Health & Safety Issues	ILOSTAT - This indicator conveys the rate of fatal occupational injuries per 100'000 workers in the reference group. An occupational injury is defined as any personal injury, disease or death resulting from an occupational accident; an occupational injury is therefore distinct from an occupational disease, which is a disease contracted as a result of an exposure over a period of time to risk factors arising from work activity. An occupational accident is an unexpected and unplanned occurrence, including acts of violence, arising out of or in connection with work which results in one or more workers incurring a personal injury, disease or death. A case of occupational injury is the case of one worker incurring an occupational injury as a result of one occupational accident. An occupational injury could be fatal (as a result of occupational accidents and where death occurred within one year of the day of the accident) or non-fatal with lost work time. The workers in the particular group under consideration and covered by the source of the statistics of occupational injuries are known as the workers in the reference group. In the case of a notification system, it is the number of workers in, for example, the establishments or selected economic activities covered by the system as set out in the relevant legislation or regulations. For more information, refer to the Labour Market-related SDG Indicators (ILOSDG) database description.	ILOSTAT
LkSG 2025	Human Rights Violation	FSI - The Fragile States Index is based on a conflict assessment framework – known as “CAST” – that was developed by FFP nearly a quarter-century ago for assessing the vulnerability of states to collapse. The CAST framework was originally designed to measure this vulnerability and assess how it might affect projects in the field, and continues to be used widely by policy makers, field practitioners, and local community networks. The methodology uses both qualitative and quantitative indicators, relies on public source data, and produces quantifiable results. We used 2023 data.	Fragile States Index
	Human Trafficking	ENACT Organised Crime Index - Based on the 2019 ENACT Organised Crime Index for Africa, the Global Organized Crime Index is a key flagship project of the Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime. It is a multi-dimensional tool that assesses the level of criminality and resilience to organized crime for 193 countries along three key pillars – criminal markets, criminal actors and resilience.	ENACT Organised Crime Index
	Indigenous Right To Lands	RIGHTS AND RESOURCES - In addition to collecting data on the extent of communities’ legally recognized tenure rights, RRI also sought out expert estimates of the areas where Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and local communities have customary or historic claims, but where their rights are not yet recognized. Due to data limitations, it was not possible to determine estimates for all the countries in this study. For 49 countries, which account for 56.6 percent of the world’s land area, RRI found the following estimates.	Indigenous Right To Lands
	Infrastructure issue	Infrastructure by country is ranked on a scale of one to seven, with the higher numbers indicating the country is strong in its infrastructure and infrastructure plan. It is the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Survey that has selected the ranking system and chooses the numbers when ranking infrastructure by country.	Infrastructure issue
	Labor dispute	ITUC Global Rights Index - The ITUC Global Rights Index depicts the world’s worst countries for workers by rating 139 countries on a scale from 1-5 based on the degree of respect for workers’ rights. Workers’ rights are absent in countries with the rating 5 and violations occur on an irregular basis in countries with the rating 1. We extracted the scores from the PDF.	ITUC Global Rights Index
LkSG 2025	Labor Rights Violation	The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) is a confederation of national trade union centres, each of which links trade unions in that particular country. It is the global voice of the world’s working people. The ITUC represents 200 million workers in 168 countries and has 338 national affiliates. The ITUC Global Rights Index depicts the world’s worst countries for workers by rating 149 countries on a scale from 1 to 5+ on the degree of respect of workers’ rights. Violations are recorded each year from April to March.	The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)
	Land Degradation	The Agriculture issue category measures efforts to produce food and other agricultural products while minimizing the threats of agriculture to the environment. It is based on four indicators: the Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (SNMI), Relative Yield Index, pesticide pollution risk, and phosphorus surplus.	Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (SNMI)
	Living Wage	OWD - The data, adjusted for inflation and cost of living differences, is measured in international-$ at 2017 prices and reflects income or consumption per capita, attributing household income equally to each member. It also includes non-market income sources, such as food grown by subsistence farmers for personal consumption.	OWD
	Mercury Emission	UN - This update to the Global Mercury Assessment 2013 provides the most recent information available for the worldwide emissions to air, releases to water, and transport of mercury in atmospheric and aquatic environments. In this report, “mercury” refers to the chemical element in all forms, in contrast to the Minamata Convention, which distinguishes “mercury” from “mercury compounds. Technical Background Report - A3.9 Estimates of 2015 mercury emissions to air data extracted.	Mercury Emission
	Minamata Convention	UNEP MINAMATA CONVENTION - The Minamata Convention on Mercury is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury. We gave penalty to the countries which are not on the list.	Minamata Convention
LkSG 2025	Modern Slavery	Walkfree - The Global Slavery Index presents a thoroughly researched, detailed picture of modern slavery as it exists across industries and countries today. It also indicates the actions governments are taking to combat modern slavery and the risks that populations face around the world. Walk Free uses cutting-edge prevalence estimation techniques including nationally-representative surveys in partnership with Gallup, risk-model extrapolation and multiple systems estimation to measure modern slavery globally. We also assess government responses to this issue and vulnerability structures that impact populations around the world.	Walkfree - The Global Slavery Index
	Ocean Plastic Pollution	The 2022 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) ranks 180 countries on 40 performance indicators in the following 11 issue categories: air quality, sanitation and drinking water, heavy metals, waste management, biodiversity and habitat, ecosystem services, fisheries, acid rain, agriculture, water resources, and climate change mitigation. These categories track performance and progress on three broad policy objectives, environmental health, ecosystem vitality, and climate change. The EPI's proximity-to-target methodology facilitates cross-country comparisons among economic and regional peer groups. The data set includes the 2022 EPI, component scores, and time-series source data. It is the result of a collaboration of the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy (YCELP), Yale University, and the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).	2022 Environmental Performance Index (EPI)
	ODS Consumption	UNEP OZONE - Consumption of various controlled substances. These include Bromochloromethane (BCM), Carbon Tetrachloride (CTC), Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFCs), Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Methyl Bromide (MB), Methyl Chloroform (TCA) and Other Fully Halogenated CFCs. Negative values for a given year imply that quantities destroyed or quantities exported for the year exceeded the sum of production and imports, implying that the destroyed or exported quantities came from stockpiles.	UNEP OZONE
	Political Instability	WGI - The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) project reports aggregate and individual governance indicators for over 200 countries and territories over the period 1996–2021, for six dimensions of governance: Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law, Control of Corruption.	The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI)
LkSG 2025	Pollution	The Air Pollution issue category measures countries' contribution and exposure to air pollution. It consists of two indicators measuring trends in the emissions of acid rain precursors (sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides), and two pilot indicators measuring exposure to ground-level ozone in a country's croplands and Key Biodiversity Areas.	Pollution
LkSG 2025	POP pollution	CEIP - This is a technical report providing a brief overview of the gap-filling methods used for the GNFR inventory year 2021 (as reported in 2023) for the mandatory heavy metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) and the Persistent organic pollutants (Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, Total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Dioxin and Furan, Hexachlorobenzene and Polychlorinated biphenyls).	CEIP
	Privacy	OWD - The data is based on the expert estimates and index by V-Dem. It captures the extent to which people are free from forced labor, have property rights, and enjoy the freedoms of movement and religion.	OWD
	Resource Intensity	The Resource Intensity & Efficiency Index is based on both per-capita measurement (intensity) and measurement against total economic output, per-e.g. water usage per unit of GDP (economic efficiency; resource usage per unit of value generated).	Resource Intensity & Efficiency Index
	Right to Food	These scores measure how well a country is using its resources to ensure people’s right to food is fulfilled.	Right to Food
	Right to Participation	Based on the expert estimates and index by the Bertelsmann Transformation Index (2024). It combines information on the extent to which elections are free and fair, democratically elected leaders have the effective power to govern, and citizens have the freedoms of association and expression. It ranges from 1 to 10 (most democratic).	Bertelsmann Transformation Index (2024)
	Sanitation & Hygiene	The Sanitation & Drinking Water issue category measures how well countries protect human health from environmental risks on two indicators: unsafe drinking water and unsafe sanitation.	Sanitation & Hygiene
	Stockholm Convention	UNEP STOCKHOLM CONVENTION - The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from chemicals that remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate in the fatty tissue of humans and wildlife, and have harmful impacts on human health or on the environment.	http://chm.pops.int/Countries/StatusofRatifications/PartiesandSignatoires/tabid/4500/Default.aspx
	Torture and Cruelty	OWD - The data is based on the expert estimates and index by V-Dem. It captures the extent to which people are free from government torture and political killings.	OWD
	Toxication	WHO - Measuring how many people die each year from unintentional poisonings provides an indication of the extent of inadequate management of hazardous chemicals and pollution, and of the effectiveness of a country’s health system. Cause-of-death statistics help health authorities determine their focus for public health actions.	WHO
	Transboundary Water Protection	UNSDG - Indicator 6.5.2, Series : Proportion of transboundary basins (river and lake basins and aquifers) with an operational arrangement for water cooperation (%)	UNSDG
	Tropical storm	INFORM - The INFORM Risk Index identifies the countries at a high risk of humanitarian crisis that are more likely to require international assistance. The INFORM Risk Index model is based on risk concepts published in scientific literature and envisages three dimensions of risk: Hazards & Exposure, Vulnerability and Lack of Coping Capacity. The INFORM Risk Index model is split into different levels to provide a quick overview of the underlying factors leading to humanitarian risk.	INFORM Risk Index
LkSG 2025	Unethical labor	WGI - The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) project reports aggregate and individual governance indicators for over 200 countries and territories over the period 1996–2021, for six dimensions of governance: Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law, Control of Corruption.	Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI)
	Volcanic eruption	The risk is computed based on the Smithsonian Global Volcanic Program (GVP) and LaMEVE databases which contain a volcanic eruption index (VEI) that quantifies the eruptive magnitude of past events.	Volcanic eruption index (VEI)
LkSG 2025	Wage Theft	UNSDG - Indicator 1.1.1, Series : Employed population below international poverty line, by sex and age (%) ILOSTAT - This series is based on the 13th ICLS definitions. For time series comparability, it includes countries that have implemented the 19th ICLS standards, for which data are also available in the Work Statistics -- 19th ICLS (WORK) database. The concept of hours usually worked relates to the typical value of hours actually worked in a job per a short reference period such as one week, over a long observation period of a month, quarter, season or year that comprises the short reference measurement period used. The typical value may be the modal value of the distribution of hours actually worked per short period over the long observation period, where meaningful. The short reference period for measuring hours usually worked should be the same as the reference period used to measure employment. For more information, refer to the Wages and Working Time Statistics (COND) database description.	UNSDG
LkSG 2025	Waste Disposal Problem	The 2022 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) ranks 180 countries on 40 performance indicators in the following 11 issue categories: air quality, sanitation and drinking water, heavy metals, waste management, biodiversity and habitat, ecosystem services, fisheries, acid rain, agriculture, water resources, and climate change mitigation. These categories track performance and progress on three broad policy objectives, environmental health, ecosystem vitality, and climate change. The EPI's proximity-to-target methodology facilitates cross-country comparisons among economic and regional peer groups. The data set includes the 2022 EPI, component scores, and time-series source data. It is the result of a collaboration of the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy (YCELP), Yale University, and the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).	2022 Environmental Performance Index (EPI)
	Wildlife Trafficking	Among other crimes, the index contains crimes involving fauna species entail the poaching and illicit trade in animals and animal products, as well as the possession of species or animal products covered by CITES or protected by national law.	Wildlife Trafficking
LkSG 2025	Worker suicide	WHO - Suicide rate estimates, age-standardized	WHO